Buick Encore: Engine Heating and Cooling - Description and operation
EXHAUST SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
NOTE: Use of non-OEM parts may cause driveability concerns.
The exhaust system carries exhaust gases, treated by the catalytic converter, through a resonator, if applicable and into the exhaust muffler where exhaust noise is lessened.
In order to secure the exhaust pipe to the exhaust manifold, a flange and seal-joint coupling is utilized. The exhaust system may utilize a slip-joint coupling design with a clamp and a U-bolt or a flange connection with a gasket.
Exhaust hangers and rubber insulators help to support the weight of the exhaust pipe along with insulating any exhaust system vibration, rattle, or noise.
Exhaust hangers also space the exhaust system away from the underbody of the vehicle and allows the exhaust system to expand as the exhaust system warms up.
Exhaust heat shields are used to protect the body and other components from damage due to the heat from the exhaust system.
The exhaust system may be comprised of the following components:
- Exhaust manifold
- Exhaust pipes
- Catalytic converters
- Exhaust muffler
- Exhaust resonator, if equipped
- Exhaust tail pipe, if equipped
- Exhaust hangers
- Exhaust heat shields
Resonator
Some exhaust systems are equipped with a resonator. The resonator, located either before or after the muffler, allows the use of mufflers with less back pressure. Resonators are used when vehicle characteristics require specific exhaust tuning.
Catalytic Converter
The catalytic converter is an emission control device added to the engine exhaust system in order to reduce hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) pollutants from the exhaust gas.
The catalytic converter is comprised of a ceramic monolith substrate, supported in insulation and housed within a sheet metal shell. The substrate may be washcoated with 3 noble metals:
- Platium (Pt)
- Palladium (Pd)
- Rhodium (Rh)
The catalyst in the converter is not serviceable.
Muffler
The exhaust muffler reduces the noise levels of the engine exhaust by the use of tuning tubes. The tuning tubes create channels inside the exhaust muffler that lower the sound levels created by the combustion of the engine
SPECIAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
SPECIAL TOOLS
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Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
FIRING ORDER & CYLINDER IDENTIFICATION
NOTE: This information is intended as a quick reference for firing
order and cylinder
identification only. The information provided covers many vehicles and
SEE MORE:
Description and operation
Transfer case identification
Fig. 71: Transfer Case Primary Identification Label
The transfer case primary identification label (1) is located on the rear
extension housing. The transfer case
secondary identification stamping (2) is located on the bottom of the main
housing.
Transfer Case Primar
Data communications - Description and operation
BODY CONTROL SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
The body control system consists of the body control module (BCM),
communications, and various input and
outputs. Some inputs, outputs and messages require other modules to interact
with the BCM. The BCM also has
discrete input and output terminals to
